Navigating Information Systems by Fitzpatrick et al Ch 2
Questions
Input
- What
is the difference between data and information?
Data is a set of numbers, words that makes no
sense, information is meaningful and useful.
- Explain the difference between efficiency and
effectiveness.
Efficiency is the speed that the process goes and effectiveness is
the quality of the process.
- Describe in detail each step of information
processing.
Acquisition colleting and gathering data from one or more
sources. Input entering the data into the computer system. Validation
checking that the data has been entered accurately. Processing
production and transformation of data into information in the memory.
Storage long-term storage of data and information transferred from the
memory. Retrieval retrieving the data/information from long term storage
into the memory. Output displaying the data/information-from machine
readable to human readable forms. Communication sending the output to
people. Disposal removing the data information form the information
system.
- What
is meant by binary format?
Numbers in base 2, is made up of 1s and 2s.
- List
some well known codes or formats for data files.
Read-only, archive.
- How would you go about acquiring and inputting
data on what kinds of food the members of the class would prefer to eat?
Send out a survey, input the data into a database program.
- In a
data base containing information about the members of a tennis club what
kind of data is best validated by
·
Manual means Spelling of
names, addresses (nearly all text data)
·
Electronic means dates of
births, ages (numeric data)
- What factors might cause a manufacturer of a
printer to update the device drivers for one of their printers? How would
the manufacturer reach those customers who owned the printer?
A bug may have been found in one of their models of printers and
the problem needs to be rectified.
- What data does a keyboard input best?
Text and numeric data.
- Name two common input devices. Describe their
role and how they function.
Keyboard has keys which stand for a number of letters and symbols
which can be entered when pushed into a word processing program. Mouse
has a ball underneath and reads the movement of the mouse and moves a
pointer on the screen.
- What does the term peripheral device refer
to?
Items of hardware which are for input-output.
- What does the term digitizing mean?
Turning analogue signals into digital signals.
- What
does the term ergonomics mean?
The environment around the computer system.
- Name and describe three pointing devices often
used. Provide an example of how each pointing device could be used.
Trackball, Mouse and Touch-pad. All three of these can be used on a
GUI.
- What are the advantages of wireless connections
for a keyboard and a mouse?
It is more comfortable to use and can be used more freely.
- What problems are commonly associated with voice
recognition software?
Accents, pitch of voice, security.
- Why is a joystick the preferred device for paling
games?
It makes them much easier to use and can be used more freely than a
keyboard or a mouse.
- Describe
how a store would use a touch screen.
A store can have a list of all of their products
on a touch screen computer and these can be accessed by a customer and
they can find what theyre looking for.
- Describe
the function of a scanner.
A scanner turns an analogue image into a digital
image.
- How do scanners and digital cameras compare? When
would you use one rather than the other?
The digital camera takes moving photos but the quality doesnt
compare to a scanner, the resolution is not as good.
- What
is the purpose of a sound card?
To digitalize the analogue sound that comes from
a microphone.